Marine Life & Conservation
Reef-safe sunscreen: what the science says about oxybenzone and corals
Research published through NOAA found the UV filter oxybenzone harmful to coral larvae at low concentrations, describing it as a hazard that can reduce reef resilience. Since January 2021 Hawaii has banned the sale of sunscreens containing oxybenzone or octinoxate without a prescription. For divers the simple choices: check the ingredients, cover up with a rash guard and hat, and put less sunscreen in the water.
By 71 Guardians · Published 18 Oct 2026
Why is oxybenzone a problem for corals?
A study by Downs and colleagues, hosted in NOAA's repository, found oxybenzone toxic to coral larvae (planulae) at low concentrations and described it as a genotoxicant to corals and a hazard to coral reef conservation.
Where does it come from?
NOAA's coral programme notes UV filters reach the ocean from swimmers wearing sunscreen and from wastewater discharge. Its coastal science centre reported that swimmers and beach showers are sources of oxybenzone in Hanauma Bay, Hawaii, where it can build up over successive days.
Is it banned anywhere?
Hawaii's Act 104 (2018) made it unlawful, from 1 January 2021, to sell sunscreen containing oxybenzone or octinoxate in the state without a prescription from a licensed healthcare provider. Rules elsewhere vary and change, so check before you travel.
What should divers use?
Read the label and skip products with oxybenzone or octinoxate. Even better for divers: a long-sleeved rash guard or wetsuit and a hat on the boat, so you need less sunscreen in the first place.
Frequently asked questions
Is 'reef-safe' on a label regulated?
Not by these sources — check the ingredient list for oxybenzone and octinoxate rather than relying on the label.
Do I need sunscreen if I wear a wetsuit?
You'll still want it on your face, neck and hands, and on the boat between dives.
Questions before you dive with us?
Message our team on WhatsApp — we're divers in Hurghada and happy to help.
Chat with us on WhatsAppSources
- Toxicopathological effects of the sunscreen UV filter oxybenzone on coral planulae (Downs et al., 2016) — NOAA Institutional Repository
- Oxybenzone sunscreen threatens Hanauma Bay's coral reef — NOAA National Centers for Coastal Ocean Science
- The effects of ultraviolet filters and sunscreen on corals and aquatic ecosystems — NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
- Act 104 (2018), relating to water pollution — sunscreen containing oxybenzone or octinoxate — Hawaii State Legislature